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Anglais > Français : Philosophy of Frege and Wittgenstein, 12 pages

philosophy of Frege and Wittgenstein

12-page text

1 week

Exemple du texte :
Some of Wittgenstein's work builds on, elaborates, or complements that of Frege: and then, I think, Wittgenstein is at his happiest. One example is the famous doctrine of Frege concerning the necessity for criteria of identity (a phrase which Frege introduced into philosophy). It is stated in the Grundlagen thus: ‘If we are to use the sign a to designate an object, we must have a criterion for deciding in all cases whether b is the same as a.’ The principle here enunciated by Frege is perfectly general, and the idea is fundamental for the first third of the Philosophical Investigations, and, indeed, throughout that book. Yet Frege himself worked out its implication only to terms for abstract objects, or, to speak more precisely, to terms of such forms as ‘the direction of a’, ‘the number of Fs’, and so on; that is, to terms formed by means of expressions for functions of first or second level which do not, or do not obviously, carry their arguments into objects specifiable without appeal to those functions. It was left to Wittgenstein to apply the principle that the understanding of a singular term involves the apprehension of an appropriate criterion of identity to terms of other sorts, including for what would ordinarily be thought of as concrete objects.

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